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The Vietnamese government issued Decisions 174/QĐ-TTg and 816/QĐ-TTg in 2023, which approved plans for ecological zoning and integrated management across administrative boundaries in the delta. The objective is to enhance the resilience of the Mekong Delta region through an integrated regional approach.

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Located within the Mekong Delta region, Ca Mau Peninsula is the southernmost province of Vietnam and the last province of the Mekong River Basin, spanning over 1 million hectares, with elevations rarely exceeding 2 meters above sea level and a complex tidal system.

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Provinces in the Delta region are facing sea level rise, storms, floods and high tides, along with saltwater intrusion, leading to coastal erosion, reducing the area and quality of mangrove forests, threatening the natural ecosystem and people's economic and social activities.

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The main causes of erosion in this area are the imbalance in sediment transport from the upstream, sea level rise, tidal surges, and reduction of mangrove forests.

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Furthermore, with topography located between the tides of the East Sea and West Sea, drainage is difficult, exacerbating flooding issues.

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An integrated management approach is needed to enhance resilience to common threats, while harmonizing environmental, economic and social interests to stabilize vulnerable coastlines like in Ca Mau province. Coastal mangrove restoration can help restore natural buffers against erosion and storms, thereby supporting livelihoods and ecosystems.

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Upgrading sea dikes, constructing breakwaters and restoring mangrove forests, promoting sustainable aquaculture and seafood exploitation, encouraging shrimp farming models under mangrove canopy, supporting Ca Mau to build a monitoring system, and building a legal framework to promote carbon credit resources from forests in Ca Mau are priorities in the ICZM approach.

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The above measures will be implemented in Ca Mau within the framework of a project funded by a loan of 19.17 million euros from AFD and a grant of 3.76 million euros funded by the European Union through the WARM Facility, covering an area of about 15,814 hectares, with an estimated number of beneficiaries of about 40,454 people.

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The new approach will address concerned issues but not overlapping with other projects that are being and will be implemented in the Mekong Delta region, not only focusing on specific technical components or ecological restoration, but this is a comprehensive with integrated management approach.

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This ICZM approach combines “grey” and “green” components, that are expected to stabilize the coast, protect land and mangroves, diversify livelihoods and enhance community resilience against natural disasters.

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Building the West Sea dike from Cai Doi Vam to Canal Nam creates a coastal traffic route connecting Cai Doi Vam town to Kenh Nam, not only ensuring safety for people's houses but also supporting trade, tourism development, and services.

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The non-structural solutions include (1) the development and implementation of ICZM strategy to contribute to the implementation of the overall Mekong River Delta Management Strategy and link with other projects and programmes in the Mekong Delta Region.

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(2) Improve livelihoods and value chains of agro-forestry and aquatic products to engage communities in both livelihood enhancement and forest (mangrove) protection;

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(3) Reforesting and restoring coastal mangrove ecosystems, develop carbon sinks

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and (4) Development a mechanism for carbon credit trading.

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Mangrove forests play a vital role as natural buffers, providing shoreline stability and habitat for fisheries, birds and other wildlife.

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Promoting the model of co-management of mangrove forests between local households and forest rangers, combined with the development of livelihood activities under the mangrove canopy such as aquaculture will contribute to increasing people's income and improving the effectiveness of forest management.

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Prioritizing comprehensive, multi-sectoral and multi-disciplinary solutions will contribute to realizing the sustainable development goals of the Mekong Delta according to Resolution 120, ensuring a harmony between environmental protection and socio-economic development.

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All solutions aim to promote multi-stakeholder management mechanisms, aiming to connect with integrated management of the Mekong Delta region.

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The successful model of Ca Mau project will be a reference model for climate change adaptation measure for many other coastal areas in the Mekong Delta.

(i) Integrated urban development and management (IUDM) (ii) Integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) (iii) Intergrated water resource management (IWRM)

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